Antibiofilm and anticancer activities of unripe and ripe Azadirachta indica (neem) seed extracts (2025)

Antibiofilm activity of neem leaf (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) ethanolic extracts against Enterococcus faecalis in vitro

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)

Background: Enterococcus faecalis commonly infects root canals by forming a biofilm. Extracts from neem leaves (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) have been shown to have antibacterial properties, indicating their potential in preventing or treating biofilm formation caused by bacteria. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the phytochemical compounds present in neem leaves (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and establish the concentration of ethanol-based neem leaf extract that can effectively inhibit the in vitro growth of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Methods: This study employed the maceration technique for extraction, gas chromatography mass spectroscopy for the analysis of plant chemicals, and a microtiter plate assay for measuring biofilm formation with treatment concentrations of 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 75%, with a positive control of 0.2% chlorhexidine. Results: A phytochemical analysis revealed that the ethanol extract of neem leaves contained 22 different metabolites, mainly te...

Antibacterial Potential of Methanolic Extracts from Azadirachta indica (Neem) Leaves against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

BP International, 2024

With the increasing rate of antibiotic/multidrug resistance and the growing demand for plant-based therapies, Azadirachta indica (neem) emerges as one of the leading medicinal plants due to its wide range of compounds with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. This study analysed the A. indica leaf methanol extract for its antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacteria using the agar diffusion assay with methanol extracts of varying concentrations (5%, 10%, 20%, and 40%) initially for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Later, methanol extracts with concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% were used for S. aureus and E. coli. Gentamicin was used as a positive control. The results indicated the antibacterial activity of the A. indica leaf methanol extract against all three bacteria, irrespective of the concentration used. However, compared to gentamicin, the antibacterial activity of A. indica was relatively lower. These findings indicate the potential of A. indica as a plant-based antibacterial agent, offering an alternative or complementary treatment strategy to combat antibiotic/multidrug resistance. Further clinical studies/trials on the leaf extract are required to ensure its safety for human use.

Antimicrobial Activity of Azadirachta indica (Neem) Leaf Extract on Some Bacteria

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

Phytochemical composition and antibacterial activities of Azadirachta indica (Neem): significance of traditional medicine in combating infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance

Neem: Antibacterial properties, 2023

Traditional medicines such as Azadirachta indica (A. indica) possess medicinal properties that should be explored in drug discovery to combat infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance. This study provided insights into the antibacterial activities of A. indica. This narrative review utilised Google Scholar and PubMed to search for articles that were published from January 2000 to September 2023 on the antibacterial activities of A. indica. The study found that A. indica has activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and other bacteria. The antibacterial activities of A. indica were reported to be due to its phytochemical content such as phenolics, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty acids, and alkaloids. This review found that A. indica has antimicrobial activity against some Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria due to the presence of phytochemicals. There is a need to increase investment in drug discovery and the integration of traditional medicine into the healthcare system.

The Antibacterial Activities of Neem [Azadirachta Indicia] Seed Oil, A Review

In traditional medicine most of the diseases have been treated by administration of plant or plant product. Neem (Azadirachta indica) is the most useful traditional medicinal plant in India. Each part of the neem tree has some medicinal property. During the last five decades, apart from the chemistry of the neem compounds, considerable progress has been achieved regarding the biological activity and medicinal applications of neem. It is now considered as a valuable source of unique natural products for development of medicines against various diseases and also for the development of industrial products. This review gives a bird's eye view mainly on the biological activities of the neem seed and some of their compounds isolated from the neem seed oil, pharmacological actions of the neem extracts, clinical studies and plausible medicinal applications of neem seed along with their safety

Extraction of Phytochemicals and Study of Antimicrobial Properties of Azadirachta Indica (Neem)

2017

The antimicrobial properties of plants have been investigated by a number of studies worldwide and many of them have been used as therapeutic alternatives because of their antimicrobial properties. Plants are the cheaper and safer alternative sources of antimicrobials. The study deal with the antibacterial activity of alcoholic extract of leaves of Azadirachta indica (NEEM) through agar well diffusion assay against. E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Azadirachta indica: Antibacterial Activity of Neem Against Different Strains of Bacteria and their Active Constituents as Preventive in Various Diseases

Pharmacognosy Journal, 2019

Plants have many biologically active compounds which have latent for development as medicinal agents. Herbal medicines already form the basis of beneficial use in the developing countries, but of recent, there has been rise in the use of herbal medicines in the developed world.1 Plants provide an alternate approach in search for new treatments. There is a plenty of plants reputed in traditional medicine to hold protective and therapeutic properties.2 It is likely that plants will continue to be a valued source of new molecules which may, after possible chemical manipulation, provide new and improved drugs.3 Bacterial resistance to antibiotics represents a serious problem for clinicians and the therapeutic industry and great efforts are being made to reverse this trend, and one of them is the widespread screening of medicinal plants from the traditional system of medicine hoping to get some newer, safer, and more effective agents that can be used to fight infectious diseases.4

Evaluation of the Antibacterial Potential of Azadirachta indica Leaf Extracts

The current investigation was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) commonly known as neem against some gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas florescence) bacteria by disc diffusion method. Phytochemical studies show the presence of saponins, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, coumarins and alkaloids. Ethanol extracts (50 mg/mL) exhibited the highest activity 12, 20, mm zone of inhibition [s. aureus and E. coli], Petroleum-ether extracts (or control) exhibit the least activity.

Phytochemical analysis and Antibacterial properties of Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaves extract against E.coli

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2018

Azadirachta indica has great medicinal properties and distributed worldwide. The extract of Azadirachta indica show different properties like antibacterial, antifungal, antoxident etc. In this work we prepared extract in different solvent i.e benzene, acetone, toluene, ethyl acetate, ethanol and beutyl alcohol. Phytochemical analysis of plant extract also gave positive result for saponins, tannins, phenols, proteins, glycoside, terpenoids, carbohydrate, flavanoids, alkanoids. The aim of this study that screen out the active components and test the antibacterial activity of extract in different solvents as benzene, acetone, toluene, ethyl acetate, ethanol, beutyl alcohol. The acetone extract showed the maiximum bacterial growth nhibition 58.77% against E. colistrains. Therefore the Azadirachta indica leaf and other parts of this plant use for different purpose like antimicrobial, antioxidant in the form of powder, tablet and micro solution.

Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Neem Seed (Azadirachta indica) Extracts

International Journal of research innovation and science , 2023

In this study, the phytochemical, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of neem seed oils (Azadirachta indica) was analyzed. The extract was extracted by solvent extraction using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous solvents. The percentage yields of the extraction were 42.50%, 40.70%, 38.30% and 28.50% for the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous solvents respectively. The phytochemical screening of the samples revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides and terpenoids in neem seed extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration of the neem seed extract was determined on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The MIC for neem seed extract in methanolic extract on E. coli and S. aureus was the least at 6.25% concentration while the MIC on the fungi (A. niger) was at 50% concentration having a zone of inhibition of 7.67± 0.71mm. There was no growth inhibition in C. albicans. The neem seed extract was shown to possess an antioxidant activity using DPPH radical. There was a significant increase in the scavenging activity of the neem seed extract as the concentration increased from 6.25% to 100%. The blended quantity of the neem seed extract showed the highest scavenging activity of 54.19 ± 0.03%. The study shows the extracts of neem seed possess good bioactive agents, antioxidant and antibacterial activity, and therefore they could be effectively used as a natural source of antioxidants and to be detected against gram-positive bacteria.

Effect of AZADIRACHTA INDICA (Neem) leave extract on Some Selected Bacteria

Z H Sikder Women’s Medical College Journal, 2021

Azadirachta indica (Neem) is an herbal plant widely distributed in our subcontinent during all seasons. This study was carried out to detect the effect of Azadirachta indica (Neem) leave extract on some selected bacteria. The prospective study was carried out during the period of July 2005 to June 2006. Micro-organisms which are commonly responsible for infection in our country such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were considered. Extract of Neem leave that is Aqueous Neem leave extract (ANLE) was prepared by filtration and evaporation. Effect against bacteria was examined by detection of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by using ‘Broth dilution method’ and by detection of bacterial susceptibility by ‘Agar disc diffusion method’ and compare with cefepime. For ANLE the MICs against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia Coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 800 μg/ml, 1200 μg/ml, 1400 μg/ml and 1400 μg/ml respe...

Antimicrobial Activity of Azadirachta indica (Neem) Leave Extract Against Some Clinical Isolates

The present study was carried out at Microbiology and Chemistry Laboratories, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa state. To investigate the activity of neem leave extract against some clinical isolates. The test organism includes Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemical compounds present in the neem was extracted using ethanol as solvent, soxhlet extractor was used to get the extract phytochemical screening were carried out using the standard methods, some of the examined phytochemical are Alkaloids, Saponin, Phenol, Tannins and Flavonoids. The extract is more effective against a Gram negative E.coli and K.pneumonae as compared to S.aureus gram positive. The zone of inhibition of the extract at the 125mg/ml is 21 and 14. For gram negative and gram positive bacteria respectively. The mean of the minimum inhibitory concentration of A. indica leaf extract, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract in vitro revealed to be at much lower concentration 50mg/ml against E.coli as compared to 100mg/ml against S. aureus the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of A. indica leaf extract shows that the extract have a bacteriostatic effect against gram negative bacteria with static effect against gram positive bacteria

Antibiofilm Activity of Azadirachta indica and Catharanthus roseus and Their Synergistic Effects in Combination with Antimicrobial Agents against Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans Strains and MRSA

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

The rapid emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance has become a global public health concern that threatens the effective treatment of infectious diseases. One major approach adopted to overcome antimicrobial resistance is the use of plant extracts individually and/or with combination of antibiotics with plant extracts, which may lead to new ways of treating infectious diseases and essentially representing a potential area for further future investigations. In this study, the antifungal activities of Azadirachta indica leaf and Catharanthus roseus flower extracts against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains (isolated from pregnant women with vulvovaginal candidiasis) and anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were evaluated by agar well diffusion, microdilution, and biofilm inhibition assays. Subsequently, the determination of the combined antimicrobial activity of the individual plant extracts with (fluconazole and voriconazole) and (ampicillin, t...

Synergistic effects of neem (Azadirachta indica L.) leaves extract with conventional antibiotic against gram positive and negative microorganism

Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Neem has been known to possess several complex phytoconstituent(s) and exhibits wide array of medicinal and household uses that are attributed to its active isolate(s) that possesses an ability to cure many chronic disease(s) and disorder(s). The current investigation aimed to study the combined antimicrobial effect of crude Neem extract and selected antibiotics namely Ciprofloxacin, Cefixime, Chloramphenicol, Ampicillin, Sulfamethoxazole, Tetracycline and Ofloxacin on selected Gram’s positive and negative micro organism. Crude alcoholic Neem leaf extract was used for the study. Method: Solution A containing Neem extract 5 mg mL-1 alone, Solution B comprising of Standard antibiotics alone 5 mg mL-1 and Solution C containing combination of 2.5 mg mL-1 of Neem extract and selected standard antibiotic at a concentration of 2.5 mg mL-1 were tested for their antibacterial potential against selected strain of micro-organisms namely Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcous aureus...

CYTOTOXICITY AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA) LEAF EXTRACTS Original Article

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the biological properties of Neem (Azadirachtaindica) leaves in terms of its cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of A. indica leaf extracts were evaluated against pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli, B. subtilis, B. cereus, S. pneumonia, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa by using agar disc diffusion method. The cytotoxic activity of the plant extracts was tested using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay. Results: Acetone extract exhibited stronger inhibition against gram negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) with MIC values of 10mg/ml and 25mg/ml respectively. In contrast, chloroform extract exhibited stronger inhibition against gram positive bacteria (B. subtilis, B. cereus, S. pneumonia, and S. aureus) with the MIC value of 10mg/ml for all bacteria. The cytotoxicity that was evaluated based on the LC50 values of the extracts. Results showed that acetone extract has higher cytotoxicity than chloroform extract with the LC50 Conclusion: The study demonstrated that both acetone and chloroform extracts of A. indica leaves have strong antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. values of 6.00µg/ml and 11.92µg/ml respectively.

Assessment of Phytochemical and Antibacterial properties of Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica

IJPUBLICATION, 2019

Azadirachta indica is one of the most useful traditional plants in the sub-continent. All around the world, there are so many medicinal plants have been used for years in everyday life to cure the diseases (C.D). Each part of the tree has few medicinal properties. Phytochemical analysis gave positive result for alkaloids, steroids, phenolic compounds, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins. There are pharmacologically bioactive constituents in the leaf extract of Azadirachta that may possibly for its activity against test organism. The study was aimed characterize and to identify the presence of antibacterial phytochemicals present in the Neem (leaves).

Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Properties of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Leaf Extracts

ABSTRACT Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the biological properties of Neem (Azadirachtaindica) leaves in terms of its cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of A. indica leaf extracts were evaluated against pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli, B. subtilis, B. cereus, S. pneumonia, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa by using agar disc diffusion method. The cytotoxic activity of the plant extracts was tested using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay. Results: Acetone extract exhibited stronger inhibition against gram negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) with MIC values of 10mg/ml and 25mg/ml respectively. In contrast, chloroform extract exhibited stronger inhibition against gram positive bacteria (B. subtilis, B. cereus, S. pneumonia, and S. aureus) with the MIC value of 10mg/ml for all bacteria. The cytotoxicity that was evaluated based on the LC50 values of the extracts. Results showed that acetone extract has higher cytotoxicity than chloroform extract with the LC50 Conclusion: The study demonstrated that both acetone and chloroform extracts of A. indica leaves have strong antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. values of 6.00μg/ml and 11.92μg/ml respectively. Keywords: Azadirachtaindica, Acetone Extract (AE), Chloroform Extract (CE), cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial activity.

The Antimicrobial Efficacy and Phytochemical Analysis of the Stem Bark of Azadirachta indica (Neem)

Abstract Keystone symposium , 2019

Plants have been a source of herbal remedy throughout the history of mankind. Worldwide, various medicinal plants are used to treat ailments and diseases. Azadirachta indica (Neem) is used in traditional medicine as a source of many therapeutic agents in the Chinese and African cultures. The anti-microbial efficacy of the stem back of Azadirachta indica was evaluated using its solvent extracts. The solvents used were Petroleum ether (PE), Hexane (HE), Methanol (ME), Water. Four different bacterial isolates and one fungal isolate were used in the study. The bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The fungal isolate was Candida tropicalis. Antibiotic sensitivity of the bacterial isolates was tested using standard Gram positive and Gram negative antibiotic sensitivity discs. Agar well diffusion technique was used in investigating the efficacy of the solvent extracts of the stem bark of Azadirachta indica. It was observed that the Petroleum ether (PE), Ethanol (EE) and Hexane (HE) extracts of the stem bark of Azadirachta indica were effective on Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida tropicalis at undiluted concentration (100%) and diluted concentrations (133.3mg/ml and 100mg/ml). None of the solvent extracts used in concentration (100%) and diluted concentrations (133.3mg/ml and 100mg/ml). None of the solvent extracts used in this investigation was effective on Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli was susceptible to the actions of ofloxacin, gentamicin and nitrofurantoin. Klebsiella pneumonia was susceptible to the actions of ofloxacin. Phytochemical analysis of the stem bark of Azadirachta indica showed the presence of alkaloids, steroids and anthraquinones.

Assessment of antibacterial activity of Neem plant (Azadirachta indica) on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 2015

The present study was carried out to screen and evaluate antimicrobial activity of leaf and bark extracts of Azadirachta indica. Ethanol and aqueous extract of leaves and barks of A. indica (Neem) were tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus which are known to be resistant to various antibiotics. Neem materials which were used during this study were collected from Bugesera district precisely at Nyamata in Murama sector whereas the bacterial strains were isolated from microbiology laboratory of CHUK (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali) and transported under safe conditions to be kept in KIST laboratory under favorable conditions for each of them. The efficiency of the extracts was studied and determined by applying different extract concentrations onto the two cultured bacterial strains using the disc diffusion method. In this study, we examined the in vitro effect of extracts of different neem (Azadirachta indica) plant (leaf and bark) on Staphylococcus aur...

Antibacterial Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Extracts of Flower of Azadiracthta indica (Neem) against Some Selected Clinical Isolates

UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research, 2016

A study on the phytochemistry and antibacterial effects of petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extract of flower of Azadirachta indica on five clinical isolates viz: Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae was carried out using deep well agar diffusion and broth dilution methods. The results obtained showed that methanol flower extract possessed the highest antibacterial activity against P. miravilis with inhibition zone of 23mm at the concentration of 4000μg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the petroleum ether flower extract was 62.5μg/ml for all the test organisms while P. miravilis, S. aureus and K. pneumoniae had MIC value 62.5μg/ml with the exception of E. coli and P. aeruginosa.Methanol flower extract recorded 62.5μg/ml against P. miravilis, S. aureus. While E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae had no MIC value across all the concentrations. the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for the petroleum ether extracts was 125μg/ml, for chloroform extracts was 250μg/ml and for methanol extracts was 62.5μg/ml. Phytochemical analysis of the flower extracts showed the presence of reducing sugars, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, resins, and saponins, in all the extracts. Petroleum ether flower extract (PFE) showed antibacterial activities against all the test organisms while Methanol flower extract (MFE) had antibacterial activities against only two test organisms. Key words: Phytochemistry, Azadirachta indica, extracts, Clinical isolates ,MIC, MBC